Therapeutic principles of diabetic diet

Dietary treatment principles: one limit, two more, three low, one forbidden.

One limit: Limit low purines and fats.

Two more: drink more water(not less than 2000 ml per day), urine volume of 2000 ml is appropriate, and hot baths every day to increase the dissolution of urate and excreted from the body.Supplement with b-vitamins and vitamin C.

Three lows: low calorie, low quality protein, but only if blood sugar control is better, otherwise carbohydrates should not be too high. Low purine diet: dairy, eggs, fruits, vegetables (cabbage, cucumber, eggplant, lettuce, zucchini, tomatoes, radish, tea).low-fat: 50g per day including (fat from meat) 20g of cooking oil. low fat facilitates uric acid elimination.low protein: 50-60g per day, cereals vegetables and fruits mainly, blood sugar control can eat some fruits, green vegetables can eat 2 pounds, fruit is alkaline, conducive to the neutralization of uric acid can be appropriate intake. Milk and eggs do not contain nuclear protein, can be used as the main animal food.

No. 1: No Alcohol(Basic conditions are stable, without hypertension, cerebral infarction can be limited to drink two taels per day). Alcohol can cause the accumulation of lactic acid in the body, lactic acid can produce competitive inhibition of uric acid excretion to increase blood uric acid, alcohol can also promote purine synthesis, such as drinking alcohol while consuming a high protein, high fat, high purine diet, can make the gout disease acute attack.

How to eat in the summer with diabetes

Whenever summer arrives, the weather is hotter, and the condition of diabetic patients especially starts to improve in the summer, but because of improper dietary control can easily lead to recurrence of the condition.

A light diet is a mustDiabetics should stay away from fried, baked, braised and spicy foods to maintain the spleen and stomach. Eat more cool food, such as chrysanthemum tea, green bean soup, etc., and be careful not to overdo it, and these foods should be included in the total calorie intake throughout the day in the statistical table, and in the main food to remove the corresponding part.

Eat more melons: With high summer temperatures, the human body loses a lot of water, which must be replenished in a timely manner. The water in vegetables is natural, clean, nutritious and biologically active water filtered through multiple layers of biofilm. Melon vegetables are more than 90% water content. Winter melon water content of all vegetables, up to 96%, followed by cucumber, golden melon, squash, Buddha's hand melon, pumpkin, bitter melon, watermelon and so on. Eating 500 grams of melons and vegetables is equal to drinking 450 milliliters of high-quality water. All melon vegetables have the effect of lowering blood pressure and protecting blood vessels.

Eat more cool vegetables: The most important factor affecting the human body in summer is the poison of summer dampness. Eat some cool vegetables, is conducive to the thirst, in addition to the annoyance of summer heat, heat diarrhea, detoxification and laxative. Melon vegetables, in addition to pumpkin, melon is warm, the rest, such as bitter melon, squash, cucumber, watermelon, watermelon, melon, etc., are cool vegetables. Tomato, eggplant, celery, chrysanthemum brain, sunflower (purple horn leaf), lettuce, asparagus, bean sprouts, cold potatoes, etc., also belong to the cool vegetables.

Eat more "sterilized" vegetables.:: Summer is the season of human diseases, especially intestinal infections. Eating more "sterilization" vegetables can prevent diseases. These vegetables include: garlic, onions, leeks, scallions, shallots, green garlic, garlic and so on. These onions and garlic vegetables, rich in plant broad-spectrum bactericides, on a variety of cocci, bacilli, fungi, viruses have killing and inhibiting effect. Among them, the most prominent effect is garlic, which is best eaten raw.

Diabetics should be cautious about eating fruits with high sugar content, such as watermelon, pears, dates, lychee, cinnamon, etc. Even fruits with low sugar content should not be eaten in excess.

Diabetic patients have higher requirements for dietary hygiene than ordinary people, because the patient's local defenses are weaker. Once diarrhea, the damage to the body is more serious, should go to the hospital for treatment, not based on self-experience self-medication. Recommended: Tea for diabetics can lower blood sugar

Proper selection of vegetables and fruits

(1) What fruits can I eat?

When your condition has stabilized, fruits with low sugar content such as green apples and kiwis are recommended.

Don't eat all kinds of dried fruits such as raisins, dried lychees, dried persimmons, dried cinnamon, and fruits with high sugar content such as dates, fresh jujubes, begonias, bananas, prunes, sugarcane, persimmons, and so on. Hard fruits, sunflower seeds, walnuts, watermelon seeds, peanut rice, chestnuts, etc. are best not eaten.

(2) What vegetables can I eat?

Suggested food: purple moss, lettuce, rape, cabbage, celery, garlic, cucumber, wild rice, cabbage, bitter melon, vegetable gourd, tomato, spinach, white radish, eggplant, squash, cabbage, asparagus, sharp pepper, garlic, big red radish, bamboo shoots and so on, which can also be used to fill up the stomach when you are hungry.

Controlled use: lentils fresh woolly beans winter squash pumpkin carrots etc. Not suitable for yams potatoes taro onions potatoes groundnuts roots green beans soybeans peas broad beans etc.

(3) Are there any rules about the variety and timing of additional meals?

Adding meals is a great learning experience for diabetic patients, especially those who often experience hypoglycemia or patients who inject insulin, appropriate and scientific meal addition can stabilize the condition or reduce the dosage of medication. Additional meals are usually served at 9-10 am, 3-4 pm and 9-10 pm. The morning and afternoon meals can be casual, cookies and bread or dried tofu can be, the evening meal should be rich in variety, in addition to a small amount of staple food, it is best to be equipped with a number of protein foods, such as eggs, lean meat, fish and shrimp, and other animal proteins, because these proteins are converted into glucose at a slower rate than other foods and lasting, so that you can avoid the occurrence of hypoglycemia in the early morning.

In principle, the summer diet of diabetic patients is the same as other seasons, still need to control the amount of daily staple food and total calorie intake, but also take into account the nutritional balance.

How to eat your staple food

The amount of staple food is based on height, and it is best to ask a dietitian to design a customized diet for the patient, but the total amount should be fixed, and the varieties can be changed frequently. For example, if your doctor tells you that you can eat five taels of staple food a day, then you can have one taels for breakfast, two taels for lunch and two taels for dinner.

Breakfast can be chosen according to your dietary habits, you can eat one or two steamed buns, bread, noodles, rice, cereals, etc., with 200 ml of milk or soybean milk. For lunch and dinner, you can have two taels of rice with a variety of light, nutritious dishes, or two taels of wontons, dumplings, wontons (with vegetarian fillings).

Staple food if you eat coarse grains, you can eat more than half a couple to one or two, because coarse grains containing vitamins, plant fiber is richer than fine grains. In addition, you can also eat some mung bean porridge, lentil porridge, lotus leaf porridge, mint porridge and other "summer medicine porridge", there is a certain effect of summer heat.

protein intake

In terms of protein intake, the total amount should also be fixed and fancy. In summer days, it is advisable to choose meat with yin nourishing effect, such as duck, crucian carp, shrimp, lean meat, etc., edible mushrooms (shiitake mushrooms, mushrooms, flat mushrooms, silver fungus, etc.), barley, etc., can be eaten more often like vegetables because of the rich content of trace elements, potassium ions, etc., and the effect on blood sugar is small.

Drink more water.

Sweating more in summer, the loss of water in the body is very large, should pay attention to drink more water. Elderly diabetic patients with water loss after thirst is not obvious, should pay attention to active hydration. Supplementation of salt and vitamins.

It is recommended that during the hot season it is best to supplement each person with 2 mg of vitamins B1 and B2, 50 mg of vitamin C, and 1 gram of calcium per day, which reduces the consumption of sugars and tissue proteins in the body and is beneficial to health.

(sth. or sb) else

You can also eat more food rich in the above nutrients, such as watermelon (fruits are generally recommended not to eat for the time being if the blood glucose is above 7mmol/L), cucumber, tomato, beans and their products, animal liver and kidneys, shrimp, etc., and you can also drink some fruit juices (choose carefully for patients with kidney disease or gout).

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　　After the Grain Rain, spring moves towards its end and the characteristics of summer become apparent. Rainfall increases and the temperature rises rapidly. At this time for diabetics, dietary regulation is very important. Summer diabetics are prone to loss of appetite, and the body's blood sugar level is relatively low in summer, so some diabetics will not be able to control to eat more, bringing harm to the body. So, what is good to eat in summer diabetes? Come together and Hunan Diabetes Hospital to see it!

I. The amount of staple food should be relaxed appropriately in summer.

　　Due to higher temperatures, many diabetic friends have a reduced appetite and eat less, so they feel that they can just take the opportunity to control their diet. In fact, the summer itself will reduce the blood glucose value, and most patients hypoglycemic drugs are still maintained in the previous dosage, if artificially reduce the amount of food, it is easy to cause hypoglycemia occurs. In addition, summer energy consumption, meal time is not regular, so diabetic friends can control the total calories under the premise of appropriate relaxation of the amount of staple food in order to supplement the consumption of energy, more regular meals, in order to better control blood sugar.

　II. Fix the amount of staple foods and moderate the amount of side dishes, increasing or decreasing with weight.

　　Due to the differences in digestion, absorption and utilization of food by each individual, some data are only frameworks and references. In practical application, it is necessary to fix the main food and regulate body weight with side dishes, reduce the amount of side dishes when overweight, increase the amount of side dishes when light weight, and when the ideal body weight is reached, the amount of side dishes eaten is appropriate with no increase or decrease in body weight. Food should be eaten in strict accordance with the prescribed amount, not more, not less, not less, but also evenly (i.e., every meal should have grain, vegetables, protein). Potatoes, white potatoes, yams, lotus roots, water chestnuts, taro, and fava beans in vegetables are mainly composed of starch and should be counted as staple foods, not vegetables.

iii. Hydrate more in the summer, drink regularly and drink without thirst.

　　With high summer temperatures, people sweat more and lose more water in their bodies, so naturally they need to hydrate more. If dehydration occurs in diabetic patients, it can lead to elevated blood sugar and even induce acute complications of diabetes, which can be life-threatening.

How exactly should a diabetic be hydrated?

　　Except for patients with co-morbid cardiac insufficiency or renal failure, patients with diabetes should drink about 3,000- 6,000 milliliters of water per day, more than the total amount of urine and sweat throughout the day. If there is a lot of activity and sweating, extra water should be added. It is advisable to drink small amounts of water several times, and white water, light tea is appropriate, should not drink a large amount of water at one time, avoid drinking sugary and carbonated beverages.

Four. Don't drink porridge for breakfast. With appetites dropping in the summer, many people opt for the more easily digestible thin rice.

　　However, diabetics are best not to choose to eat porridge during breakfast, whether it is mixed grains thin rice, pumpkin thin rice is also best not to eat. Diabetics 24 hours a day, three times the peak of blood glucose are appeared in the three meals, and the blood glucose after breakfast for the highest. The morning should be the least amount of food, the most amount of medication, and the most amount of exercise, all of which are designed to lower blood sugar after breakfast. The current more scientific view is that cookies are better than steamed buns and steamed buns are better than nests. In short, try to eat some slow-absorbing food for breakfast, which is both hunger-resistant and slows down sugar absorption.

V. Diet should be light, eat less sweets, it is advisable to eat more fresh vegetables, fruits and bean products rich in calcium and potassium.

　　Control dietary fat and increase animal foods rich in high quality protein and low in fat such as poultry and fish. Patients with diabetes should especially limit salt intake to no more than 5 grams per person per day. Gastroenteritis should be prevented. Because diarrhea or vomiting can lead to water and electrolyte metabolic disorders, inducing hypertonic coma. Reduced absorption of carbohydrates due to diarrhea or vomiting can induce hypoglycemia.

VI. Stay away from cold drinks. When the climate is hot, eat some cold drinks, can play a certain role in eliminating summer heat, but do not eat too much.

　　Ice cream is mostly made of milk, egg powder, sugar, etc., although the nutrition is still available, but high calorie, elevate blood sugar fast, at the same time, over-eating will make the gastrointestinal temperature drop, causing irregular contraction of the stomach and intestines, inducing abdominal pain. Drinking too much will damage the spleen and stomach, affect the appetite, and even cause gastrointestinal dysfunction, further fluctuations in blood sugar.

　VII. Daily Fruit Servings: Your Fist in the air, the size of your fist will do.

Diabetic patients can also eat fruit? Various fruits are freshly available in summer, but diabetics can't be too indulgent in eating fruits. Especially high blood sugar, not yet controlled diabetic patients need to eat more carefully. Stabilized diabetic patients should also be very careful and reasonable under the guidance of a dietitian or doctor to choose fruits with low sugar content, and should choose fruits with a low glycemic index. If the consumption of fruits with high sugar content should pay attention to reduce the amount of staple food, and the amount of food should not be too much, especially according to the total calories per day in moderation, it is best to consume the right amount of fruit between meals to maintain the stability of blood glucose.

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