Again, it's a virus, and there will be some mechanisms of action that are similar.

Why were anti-AIDS drugs used in this new coronavirus treatment?

Criz (lopinavir ritonavir tablets) is a drug currently used in the treatment of HIV-1 infections and contains both lopinavir and ritonavir. Lopinavir, the main drug, is a protease inhibitor of HIV-1 and HIV-2 that blocks the division of the Gag-Pol polyprotein, leading to the production of immature, non-infectious viral particles. Ritonavir, as an enhancer, inhibits CYP3A-mediated metabolism of lopinavir, thereby increasing the plasma drug concentration of lopinavir. From the mechanisms described above, the use of kleenex in the treatment of novel coronaviruses, theIt mainly works with the replication and proliferation phase of the virus after it enters the organism, but it does not prevent viruses that have already entered the body from entering the cells.

On February 5, the National Health Commission released the "Pneumonia Diagnosis and Treatment Program for Novel Coronavirus Infections (Trial Implementation of the Fifth Edition)," which recommends the use of the HIV treatment drug Klizit (lopinavir ritonavir tablets) for the treatment of novel coronaviruses, even though there is no definitive specific drug yet. Similar to Cliche, Darunavir cobicistat is a protease inhibitor used to treat HIV-1 infection.Selective inhibition of cleavage of the HIV-encoded Gag-Pol polyprotein in virus-infected cells prevents the formation of mature infectious virus particles.In view of the high number of adverse effects of kleenex, academician Li Lanjuan indicated that kleenex was not effective in treatment and suggested that darunavir should be included in the next version of the trial treatment protocol.

First of all, as of now, there is no specific antiviral drug for the new coronavirus.The simple fact is that there is no such thing as a one-trick pony that can kill the new coronavirus outright.

Then at this point, some people may wonder, "Well, what are the antiviral drugs that your doctors are now using in treating patients with neocoronavirus pneumonia considered to be? And what is the class of those antiviral drugs mentioned in the latest edition of "On Pneumonia Infected by Novel Coronavirus (Trial Sixth Edition)"?

Let's start by looking at what drugs are actually included in the sixth edition of the treatment program.

As you can see, in the sixth edition of the diagnostic and treatment program for neocoronavirus pneumonia, there is a total ofFive antiviral drugs are included, respectively:

The first one, recommended by the team of academician Li LanjuanAbidor (city in Israel)；

The second, recommended by the Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center and used by Wang Guangfa, director of the Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine at Peking University First Hospital, who had previously been diagnosed with novel coronavirus infectionLopinavir/ritonavir；

The third.Chloroquine phosphate for new uses of an old drug；

The fourth.α-Interferon；

The fifth.Ribavirin is contraindicated in pregnant women and women at risk of pregnancy.

But.In fact there are currently published reports of potentially effective antivirals is there are 8 of them!!!!

In addition to the five mentioned above, theThere are also the following three:

The first, the currently highly anticipated, but unlisted, clinical phase III trial of the U.S.-based lundecavir, also calledRidgivers (brand name)；

The second, which was already approved for marketing in Japan in March 2014valpiravir (loanword)It is also the first antiviral drug that has been approved for production and marketing in China!

Both, obviously, are foreign.

The third one, also discovered by Academician Li Lanjuan's team some time ago, is an in vitro test that effectively inhibits the new coronavirus daLupinavir (drug)But the drug has sparked questions within the industry that to achieve effective concentrations in our bodies, patients need to take doses that are too high, with side effects far outweighing efficacy, which may be why it'sNot included in the Sixth Edition of the New Crown Pneumonia Protocol.The reason in.

So which of these are drugs previously used against HIV? Why can they be used against novel coronaviruses?

Let's start by telling you what these 8 drugs that have been reported to be effective antivirals have been used to treat before.

The first, Abidol; previously used to treat influenza A and B virusesBut it'sA broad-spectrum antiviral drugThe main reason for this is to inhibit the fusion of the lipid membrane of the virus with the host cell, thus being able to block the replication of the virus.

The second, lopinavir/ritonavir, this is the drug previously used against HIV, about the principle of its anti-new coronavirus, will give you a focus on it later.

Third, the old drug, chloroquine phosphate, which was previously an anti-malarial.The reason why it can be anti-new coronavirus is that it can directly change the virus endocytosis, transfer, viral demembranation, nucleic acid replication, glycosylation modification of viral proteins, viral assembly and a series of processes, and at the same time, it can also attenuate the cytokine storm, so Chloroquine can be said to be the current treatment of the new coronavirus is better than the effect of a class of drugs, but the acute toxicity of Chloroquine phosphate and the effective dose of the more close to. It is easy to cause adverse reactions, so hydroxychloroquine is now more recommended.

(As shown: Chloroquine directly alters the action of the virus on the cell, resulting in viral suppression)

The fourth, alpha-interferon. A broad-spectrum antiviral agent that is very commonly used in treatments like anti-tumor, and anti-viral infectious diseases (e.g. hepatitis);

The fifth, ribavirin. Also a broad-spectrum antiviral, reduces the replication of DNA or RNA viruses by inhibiting phosphoinositide dehydrogenase activity. However, one thing you should be aware of is that it is contraindicated in women of childbearing age, and it has reproductive toxicity!

The sixth one, Ridecivir. It's not actually a new drug, it's an antiviral drug developed to treat infections from the Ebola and Marburg viruses.Previously, it has passed phase I clinical trials abroad, but it did not perform well enough in phase II and III, so it was not used for Ebola virus treatment, and now it is also in phase III clinical trials for the treatment of new coronaviruses.

The seventh, Famipiravir. As a new and recent antiviral drug, the development was initiated to target influenza, not coronavirus infections.However, it selectively and effectively inhibits the RNA polymerase of nucleic acid (RNA) viruses, broader antiviral activity.

The eighth, darunavir. It is an antiretroviral drug used for the treatment and prevention of HIV/ AIDS., but are generally used in conjunction with other antiretroviral drugs.

So, to summarize:There are only two drugs that are part of the previous anti-HIV medications, lopinavir/ritonavir and dalunavir.

Among them, dalunavir is not used because the dose is too large and the side effects are large. Its antiviral principle is also very simple, it can resist the reverse transcription of the virus, because the new coronavirus is a kind of single-stranded RNA virus, in order to replicate, it has to be changed into double-stranded DNA through reverse transcription first, and then replicated again.Darrunavir blocks such a reverse transcription process, thereby inhibiting viral replication.

This is not the case with lopinavir and ritonavir, which actually belong to the group of HIV viral protease inhibitors, and the two synergistically inhibit the proliferation of the HIV virus. Therefore.They fight novel coronaviruses by inhibiting or blocking viral proteases, leading to the production of immature, non-infectious virus particles.However, it is still to be further clarified as to how effective they are in treating neocoronitis, with some liver toxicity!

（As shown in the figure: lopinavir and ritonavir affect the process of SARS coronavirus protease, while the new coronavirus has more than 85% homology with SARS coronavirus, so it may also have an inhibitory effect on the new coronavirus protein）

Therefore, we read these all reported effective drugs, in fact, so far there is no one can be said to be a potent drug, some need to wait for time to prove that most of the diagnostic and treatment programs have been included in the broad-spectrum antiviral drugs can not be regarded as a potent drug!

You said the problem is still only a speculation, the real treatment drugs need to be officially announced to have the authority, now we can not guess in vain, but the coronavirus and AIDS is the same thing is the contact transmission, but it is not the same pathogen now who can not say. So we are still looking forward to the official announcement of the results as a matter of fact!

Since the occurrence of the new coronavirus epidemic, we are most concerned about the prevention and control of the epidemic in addition to when the epidemic can be completely controlled, about the news related to antiviral drugs are also very concerned about, after all, if once infected, there are suitable drugs to fight, in order to better promote the recovery of the disease, although a variety of news flying all over the place, but with the current research on anti-new drugs, although the medical community, the scientific community has been working tirelessly, but there is no one drug can be considered a resistance to the new coronavirus special drugs, can only say that, from the current in vitro drug research and preliminary clinical applications, there are some drugs for the fight against the new coronavirus infections are likely to be effective, and today to combine the latest release of the new coronavirus infections in pneumonia diagnosis and treatment of the sixth edition of the guidelines for the introduction of these related drugs.

In the latest version of the diagnosis and treatment program, the application of antiviral drugs has been updated accordingly, in terms of western medicine, on the basis of the original version of the diagnosis and treatment program including α-interferon, lopinavir/ritonavir, ribavirin, chloroquine phosphate and abidol have been added to the two antiviral drugs, and for these kinds of drugs, respectively, to briefly introduce - -

1. α-interferon, interferon is an immune cytokine inherent in the human body, is also a common broad-spectrum antiviral drug, which can participate in a variety of host pathways and antiviral response, especially in the fight against upper respiratory tract viruses, interferon is a very commonly used antiviral drugs, the diagnostic and treatment guidelines recommend the use of nebulized inhalation, which directly affects the upper respiratory tract cells, to enhance the effect of antiviral.

2. Lopinavir/ritonavir, an oral combination drug for anti-HIV treatment, has been included in the treatment guidelines for a long time, but its clinical efficacy is still controversial, and there are clinical studies showing no clear difference in the efficacy of antiretroviral treatment with this drug versus a placebo control group.

3. Ribavirin, which is also a broad-spectrum antiviral drug, belongs to the older class of viral RNA polymerase inhibitors. In terms of mechanism of action, ribavirin is potentially effective against new coronaviruses that are RNA viruses, and the guidelines recommend that it be used in conjunction with interferon or lopinavir/ritonavir, and the recommended mode of use is intravenous administration. It is important to note that this drug has definite reproductive toxicity and should be strictly contraindicated in men or women who are preparing for pregnancy and in women who are pregnant.

4. Chloroquine phosphate is a new drug added in the new guideline, which is an old drug originally used for anti-malaria, and has shown good antiviral effect and good safety characteristics in in vitro drug test, and in a small sample of more than 100 cases of clinical application, a more obvious antiviral effect has also been achieved, and there is no serious adverse reaction, therefore, experts suggest that it should be included in the new version of the diagnosis and treatment guideline. Therefore, experts recommend that it be included in the new version of the diagnostic and treatment guidelines, but in the process of large-scale clinical application, the effectiveness and safety of the drug still need to be further confirmed.

5. Abidol, a drug used against influenza virus, is a non-nucleoside broad-spectrum antiviral drug with immune-enhancing effect, and from the mechanism of action and the results of in vitro drug testing, Abidol also has an inhibitory effect on the new coronavirus, but the efficacy of its application in clinical practice requires more clinical data for further proof.

In addition to the above five drugs recommended in the new version of the diagnostic and treatment guidelines, there are two other drugs that are more popular on the Internet but are not included in the list, that is, raltegravir and famciclovir, raltegravir has gained attention because of its obvious effect in the first case of the first new case of coronary artery disease in the U.S. The drug has not been approved in the U.S. and domestic, and it belongs to the phase of the clinical trial, and it is expected that there will be preliminary The results of the study; Fabipiravir is an anti-influenza drug marketed in Japan in 2014, from the point of view of the mechanism of action and in vitro drug testing, Fabipiravir is also an in vitro study shows a clear and effective drug, but also through the green channel in our country to get a fast approval through, although it is a conditional approval, but also need to follow up on the study, if the clinical use of the virus shows a more clear inhibition of the effect of the words, at present, is still in a position to mass production. If the clinical use shows clearer viral inhibition effect, it is still in a position to be mass-produced.

In addition to Western medicines, in the diagnosis and treatment guidelines, there are also recommendations for proprietary Chinese medicines or Chinese medicinal prescriptions to fight against pneumonia, which play to the strengths of Chinese medicine in our country, and the practice of regulating the body's immunity to fight against the "epidemic hostility" of epidemics is an important aspect of strengthening the ability to resist the virus and improving the cure rate, and in the actual treatment process, Chinese medicine has also shown better therapeutic effects and functions. In the actual treatment process, Chinese medicine has also shown a better therapeutic effect and role, the specific use of drugs will not be detailed, interested parties can refer to the new version of the diagnosis and treatment guidelines.

Not surprisingly, new coronavirus pneumonia and AIDS are both viral infections.

Among a bunch of rotten apples, one has to pick a relatively non-rotten apple, which is called chloroquine phosphate, or else "non-science" will steal the limelight, and science will lose face! But if there are good apples, why do we have to hold on to the rotten ones? Is face more important than life?

Chinese medicine has proved itself to be a good apple in the many struggles against epidemics, which is also the reason why the population of the Chinese nation has been thriving, Chinese medicine in the process of the long-term struggle with the plague, and gradually formed its own theoretical system and methodology, and can accept the challenge of any catastrophic infectious diseases, because in the Chinese medicine of the cognizance of the existence of no new infectious diseases, has long been able to cope with the ability to deal with any infectious diseases. "Nine out of ten rooms are empty" is the ancient description of the destructive power of the plague, but it has been described as the incompetence of Chinese medicine to prevent epidemics, and the ability of Chinese medicine to prevent "nine out of ten rooms are empty" is the correct understanding! Chinese medicine can continue to prove its value in the present and the future.

We don't need rotten apples because we have good apples!

There have always been rumors and legends that AIDS patients on anti-AIDS drugs did not get new crown pneumonia, but they were limited to legends and never official statistics. On the contrary, there is an official mention of anti-AIDS drugs for the treatment of new coronary pneumonia news, Wang Guangfa is the director of the Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine at Peking University Hospital No. 1, also a member of the national expert group on new coronary pneumonia, the first batch of experts to go to Wuhan, unfortunately, during the research in Wuhan infected with the new coronary pneumonia, he said that the use of a kind of anti-AIDS drugs are effective, and later cured. So, let's take a look at the effective antiviral drugs mentioned in the 6th edition of the Diagnostic and Treatment Program for Pneumonia Infected by New Coronaviruses.

The 6th, or latest, edition of the Pneumonia Diagnostic Protocol for Novel Coronavirus Infections recommends five antiviral agents.

1. a-interferon, broad-spectrum anti-virus, immunomodulation, anti-tumor, can be produced domestically.

a-Interferon is a cytokine produced by the body's immune cells, it is a low molecular glycoprotein produced by the immune cells through the antiviral response when the body is infected by a virus, and the body can produce it by itself, we use recombinant a-interferon in order to strengthen the antiviral power, this is an old drug, not expensive, with fewer side effects. The main route of administration in the treatment of neococcal pneumonia is nebulized inhalation.

2. Ribavirin, also known as viral azole, is an antiviral drug that can be produced domestically.

Ribavirin enters the cell and competes to inhibit viral synthase, thus inhibiting viral replication, old antiviral drugs, has a fetus-causing teratogenic effect, breastfeeding, pregnancy are prohibited, during the use of the drug and 6 months after discontinuation of the drug, the drug must be contraceptive for both men and women taking the drug.

3. Chloroquine phosphate, an old anti-malarial drug, is expected to be domestically produced.

This is the new use of old drugs, in recent years have been used for SARS and H Ⅰ V research, this time for the new crown pneumonia, academician Zhong Nanshan think it is worth exploring. Chloroquine prescription amount is closer to the amount of poisoning, never unauthorized use of drugs. Yesterday, the news reported a Wuhan woman, without any symptoms, their own online purchase of chloroquine to take, poisoning sent lCU emergency went.

4. Abidol, an anti-influenza virus drug, recommended by the team of academician Li Lanjuan, can be made domestically.

Developed in the former Soviet Union and marketed in Russia in 1993, it is mainly used for influenza A and B. It has been produced by a number of manufacturers in China. It has been produced by a number of domestic manufacturers.

5. Lopinavir/ritonavir tablets, an anti-HIV drug used by Director Wang Guangfa above, cannot be produced domestically.

Lopinavir/ritonavir tablets are mainly used for adults and children over 2 years of age H Ⅰ V infection medication, national expert group member Wang Guangfa, director of the antiviral drugs used after the infection of new crown pneumonia. The treatment plan especially suggests to pay attention to lopinavir/ritonavir-related diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, liver function impairment and other adverse reactions.

Conclusion: After carefully running through the antiviral drugs recommended in the 6th edition of the Diagnostic and Treatment Program for Pneumonia with Novel Coronavirus Infections, among the five recommended drugs, only lopinavir/ritonavir is an anti-AIDS drug, and its effect is still under observation. As academician Zhong Nanshan said, there is still no specific drug for new crown pneumonia, and the drugs being used have some efficacy and are worth exploring. It is only a good idea to take good care of your protection and not to let the new coronavirus take advantage of the situation.

As the new coronavirus pneumonia outbreak progresses, are targeted and effective drugs and vaccines available today? This is a matter of great concern to all of us. In this war without smoke, China's research workers scramble for time, intense and orderly drug development, vaccine development work, a number of scientific research institutions and pharmaceutical companies around the world are committed to research and development of the new coronavirus vaccine and therapeutic drugs. At present, several drugs that may be effective against the new coronavirus, several are anti-HIV drugs, why is this?

What are the current drugs that may be effective against novel coronaviruses?

The new coronavirus is a new type of pathogen, scientific knowledge is still improving, so far there is no specific drug, the treatment of patients can be summarized as "groping + summarization", some of the antiviral drugs used in the clinic for the treatment of patients with the new coronavirus pneumonia has achieved some efficacy.

According to the latest official protocol for the treatment of novel coronavirus pneumonia, antiviral therapy currently uses five drugs: a-interferon, lopinavir/ritonavir, ribavirin, chloroquine phosphate, and abidol. These

Some drugs may be effective against novel coronaviruses, and the efficacy of the currently used drugs needs to be further evaluated in clinical practice. It is not recommended to use 3 or more antiviral drugs at the same time, and the drugs should be discontinued if intolerable side effects occur. Lopinavir/ritonavir is one of the drugs used to treat HIV.

Why antiviral drugs for HIV may be effective against new coronavirus pneumonia?

Lopinavir/ritonavir has appeared as an antiviral treatment in several editions of the Pneumonia Treatment Protocol for Novel Coronavirus Infections. Lopinavir/ritonavir tablets are a combination of two drugs, lopinavir and ritonavir, both of which are protease inhibitors of HIV.

Viruses need the action of proteases in cells to assemble into daughter virus particles, and inhibiting the activity of proteases is equivalent to blocking the pathway of viral replication. Ritonavir can increase the blood concentration of lopinavir, so the two drugs can be used in combination for the treatment of HIV infection.Coronaviruses such as SARS, MERS, and in this case SARS-CoV-2 are RNA viruses like HIV, and the proteases have similarities. There are cases where lopinavir/ritonavir can be used in combination with interferon for the treatment of a few patients with SARS and MERS, and it has recently been found to be effective in the treatment of patients with a new type of coronavirus pneumonia, but follow-up observational studies are still needed.

concluding remarks

All the medicines we have mentioned are for the use of patients diagnosed with a novel coronavirus infection of pneumonia and must be taken under the supervision of a doctor. There is no evidence that they can prevent the infection, so do not buy and take them on your own. At this point in time whether or not you can recover from new coronavirus pneumonia ultimately depends on your own immunity. As long as we wear masks, wash our hands regularly, go out less, have a regular routine, and protect ourselves is the best prevention!

Don't pass it on, new drugs at least a year to see how long it takes to make a drug, one and all don't get sick waiting to be sick from all kinds of drugs?

In fact, Chinese medicine can really treat the new coronavirus, this time there is no good promotion, this is the expert door of the mistake, serious patients do artificial respiration and so on the Western medicine is possible, but Chinese medicine can also be used to hold the thumb in the middle of the human point sometimes also effective, the Chinese medicine industry can also use the thumb to hold the human point.